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The oxygen lance is one of the primary process equipment in oxygen converter steelmaking.
The oxygen lance is one of the primary process equipment in oxygen converter steelmaking; its performance characteristics directly affect smelting efficiency and blowing time, thereby influencing both the quality and output of the steel.
During the oxygen-blown refining process, the oxygen lance not only endures thermal radiation from a high‑temperature zone of approximately 2,500°C at the furnace mouth but also withstands the intense erosion caused by molten steel and slag, resulting in extremely harsh operating conditions. Consequently, the oxygen lance must feature a robust metallic structure and an efficient water‑cooling system to ensure resistance to high temperatures, erosion, and vibration. Initially employed for top‑blowing oxygen in open‑hearth furnaces, the oxygen‑top‑blowing converter process emerged in 1952, making the oxygen lance a critical piece of equipment. Since then, its applications have expanded to include electric arc furnaces and ladle refining units, while its functions have evolved from simple oxygen injection to composite lances capable of simultaneously injecting slagging agents and combustion powders, as well as to split‑flow or dual‑stream multi‑layer lances equipped with secondary combustion capabilities.
The influence of the oxygen lance on the blowing process is realized through the interaction between the oxygen jet and the molten bath, which in turn depends primarily on the jet’s velocity and its distribution upon reaching the bath surface. Consequently, optimizing the operational parameters of the oxygen lance nozzle and refining its structural design are of paramount importance. Applications: Oxygen lances are predominantly used in the steel and metallurgical industries, among others.
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